Which statement best describes autonomy in medical decision-making?

• A. The right of patients to make informed decisions about their care
• B. The obligation to act in the best interest of the patient
• C. The avoidance of harm
• D. The fair distribution of resources

Answer: (A)

Autonomy is the patient's right to decide what happens to their own body. In medical decision-making that means providing clear information about options, risks, benefits, and alternatives, and obtaining the patient’s informed, voluntary consent before proceeding. The patient then makes the final decision, and the clinician supports that choice as long as the patient has decision-making capacity. This principle is distinct from beneficence (doing what’s best for the patient), nonmaleficence (avoiding harm), and justice (fair distribution of resources). For example, a patient may choose to refuse a proposed treatment after understanding its risks and benefits, and honoring that decision demonstrates autonomy.